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10 videos · 3 h 52 min

  • Explainer · YouTube

    Why Real Atoms Don't Look Like This - Quantum Numbers to Understand Atomic Structure by Parth G

    Parth G

    Parth G explains why the tidy shell picture of the atom misleads, then introduces the principal quantum number n and the orbital quantum number l that label real atomic states, with a short look at the other two and the exclusion principle. Watch for his account of subshells and orbital angular momentum, then let this session sharpen it: for l = 1 the full angular momentum is √2 times ħ, while its component along any one axis is at most ħ.

  • Explainer · YouTube

    We finally understood orbital shapes intuitively! (My mind is blown)

    FloatHeadPhysics

    A patient, intuition-first rebuild of the orbitals: a one-dimensional standing-wave analogy, probability density versus radial probability, why p orbitals look like dumbbells and d orbitals like double dumbbells, radial versus angular nodes, and where the quantum numbers and the counts of three, five and seven orbitals come from. Watch it after Parts 3 and 4; it is the long-form companion to this session.

  • Explainer · YouTube

    The Hydrogen Atom, Part 2 of 3: Solving the Schrodinger Equation

    Richard Behiel

    Richard Behiel's long tour of hydrogen's solutions. This link starts at the Spherical Harmonics chapter, which leads on to Radial Functions, Energy Eigenstates and Eigenvalues, and the Absorption/Emission Spectrum, with the full solution from 26:49. Map each piece onto section 2: the angular functions carry l and mₗ, the radial functions carry n.

  • Explainer · YouTube

    A Better Way To Picture Atoms

    minutephysics

    A five-minute minutephysics rethink of how atoms are drawn, and a quick visual partner to section 3. Test every picture against the lesson's rule: an orbital is a map of the odds |ψ|² for where a position measurement will find the electron, not a path it travels.

  • Explainer · YouTube

    Atomic Orbitals, Visualized Dynamically

    The Science Asylum

    Nick Lucid animates orbitals instead of showing static blobs. This link starts at his Orbital Shapes chapter, then Orbital Sizes and Flow of Probability, where he asks what happens when an electron makes a transition and argues that a current of probability must flow. Check his shapes against section 4's node counts, and against its point that the mₗ = ±1 states are doughnuts whose phase turns as you travel round the z axis.

  • Explainer · YouTube

    Atomic fine structure: the true story

    Dr. Jorge S. Diaz

    Physicist Jorge Diaz tells the history of hydrogen's fine structure, starting from the development of the Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic model. Section 6 notes that Sommerfeld's 1916 formula matched the splitting partly by luck, since spin was still unknown; keep that in mind and ask, as he goes, what Sommerfeld's relativistic orbits leave out.

  • Interview · YouTube

    Hans Bethe - Calculating the Lamb shift (104/158)

    Web of Stories - Life Stories of Remarkable People

    Hans Bethe, in the Web of Stories oral-history archive, recalls calculating the Lamb shift, the 2s–2p gap of section 6's callout that Dirac's theory said should be zero. His 1947 estimate was an early success for the ideas that grew into quantum electrodynamics: three minutes with one of the people who made it happen.

  • Lecture · MIT

    6. Hydrogen Atom Wavefunctions (Orbitals)

    MIT OpenCourseWare

    Lecture 6 of MIT's 5.111 Principles of Chemical Science (Fall 2014), taught by Catherine Drennan: where the electron is likely to be found, radial probability distributions and the hydrogen wavefunctions, with a guest segment on spin and magnetic resonance imaging that makes a fine bridge to the next chapter.

  • Lecture · MIT

    Schrödinger equation for hydrogen

    MIT OpenCourseWare · Barton Zwiebach

    Barton Zwiebach sets up hydrogen's Schrödinger equation at the board in a 21-minute segment of MIT's 8.04. Keep section 1's picture in hand as he works: a radial part in r times an angular part in θ and φ, and look for where each quantum number will come from.

  • Lecture · MIT

    Degeneracy in the spectrum and features of the solution

    MIT OpenCourseWare · Barton Zwiebach

    The 8.04 segment on the degeneracy of hydrogen's spectrum and the features of its solutions. Check its bookkeeping against section 5's count: in level n, l runs from 0 to n − 1 and brings 2l + 1 values of mₗ each, n² spatial states in all.